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Allergen immunotherapy
Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for some types of allergies. It is useful for environmental allergies, allergies to insect bites, and asthma.〔〔 Its benefit for food allergies is unclear and thus not recommended.〔 Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergen in an attempt to change the immune system's response.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/Pages/allergen-immunotherapy.aspx )〕
Meta-analyses have found that injections of allergens under the skin is effective in the treatment in allergic rhinitis in children and in asthma. The benefits may last for years after treatment is stopped.〔 It is generally safe and effective for allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic forms of asthma, and stinging insects. The evidence also supports the use of sublingual immunotherapy for rhinitis and asthma but it is less strong. In this form the allergen is given under the tongue and people often prefer it to injections.〔 Immunotherapy is not recommended as a stand alone treatment for asthma.〔
Side effects during treatment are usually local and mild and can usually be eliminated by adjusting the dosage. Anaphylaxis has occurred on rare occasions and this is why treatment should only be administered in a medical environment.
Discovered by Leonard Noon and John Freeman in 1911, allergen immunotherapy is the only medicine known to tackle not only the symptoms but also the causes of respiratory allergies. A detailed diagnosis is necessary to identify the allergens involved. It is currently being studied as a possible treatment for eczema and food allergies in children.
==Types==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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